ASignal.h

/*
 * AUI Framework - Declarative UI toolkit for modern C++20
 * Copyright (C) 2020-2025 Alex2772 and Contributors
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 */
 
#pragma once
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include "AUI/Common/ADeque.h"
#include "AUI/Common/AObject.h"
#include "AUI/Thread/AMutex.h"
#include "AAbstractSignal.h"
#include "AUI/Traits/values.h"
#include "AUI/Util/ARaiiHelper.h"
#include "AUI/Util/AEvaluationLoopException.h"
 
namespace aui::detail::signal {
 
template <typename... Args>
std::tuple<Args...> makeTupleOfCopies(std::tuple<const Args&...> args) {
   return args;
}
 
static_assert(requires(const int& v) {
   { makeTupleOfCopies(std::tie(v)) } -> aui::same_as<std::tuple<int>>;
});
 
template <size_t I, typename TupleInitial, typename TupleAll>
auto resizeTuple(TupleInitial initial, TupleAll all) {
   if constexpr (I == 0) {
       return initial;
   } else {
       return resizeTuple<I - 1>(
           std::tuple_cat(initial, std::tie(std::get<std::tuple_size_v<TupleInitial>>(all))), all);
   }
}
 
template <aui::not_overloaded_lambda Lambda, typename... Args>
inline void callIgnoringExcessArgs(Lambda&& lambda, const Args&... args) {
   static constexpr size_t EXPECTED_ARG_COUNT = std::tuple_size_v<typename lambda_info<std::decay_t<Lambda>>::args>;
   auto smallerTuple = resizeTuple<EXPECTED_ARG_COUNT>(std::make_tuple(), std::tie(args...));
   std::apply(lambda, smallerTuple);
}
 
template <typename Projection>
struct projection_info {
   static_assert(
       aui::reflect::pointer_to_member<Projection> || aui::not_overloaded_lambda<Projection> ||
           aui::function_pointer<Projection>,
       "====================> ASignal: projection is required to be an pointer-to-member or not overloaded lambda or function pointer");
};
 
template <aui::reflect::pointer_to_member Projection>
struct projection_info<Projection> {
private:
   template <typename... T>
   struct cat;
 
   template <typename First, typename... T>
   struct cat<First, std::tuple<T...>> {
       using type = std::tuple<First, T...>;
   };
 
public:
   using info = typename aui::reflect::member<Projection>;
   using return_t = typename info::return_t;
   using args = typename cat<typename info::clazz&, typename info::args>::type;
};
 
template <aui::not_overloaded_lambda Projection>
struct projection_info<Projection> {
   using info = typename aui::lambda_info<Projection>;
   using return_t = typename info::return_t;
   using args = typename info::args;
};
 
template <aui::function_pointer Projection>
struct projection_info<Projection> {
   using info = typename aui::function_info<Projection>;
   using return_t = typename info::return_t;
   using args = typename info::args;
};
 
template <
   typename AnySignal,   // can't use AAnySignal here, as concept would depend on itself
   typename Projection>
struct ProjectedSignal {
   friend class ::AObject;
 
   AnySignal& base;
   std::decay_t<Projection> projection;
 
   ProjectedSignal(AnySignal& base, Projection projection) : base(base), projection(std::move(projection)) {}
 
   using projection_info_t = aui::detail::signal::projection_info<Projection>;
 
   using projection_returns_t = typename projection_info_t::return_t;
 
   static constexpr bool IS_PROJECTION_RETURNS_TUPLE = aui::is_tuple<projection_returns_t>;
 
   using emits_args_t =
       std::conditional_t<IS_PROJECTION_RETURNS_TUPLE, projection_returns_t, std::tuple<projection_returns_t>>;
 
   template <convertible_to<AObjectBase*> Object, not_overloaded_lambda Lambda>
   void connect(Object objectBase, Lambda&& lambda) {
       base.connect(
           objectBase,
           tuple_visitor<typename projection_info_t::args>::for_each_all([&]<typename... ProjectionArgs>() {
               return [invocable = std::forward<Lambda>(lambda),
                       projection = projection](const std::decay_t<ProjectionArgs>&... args) {
                   auto result = std::invoke(projection, args...);
                   if constexpr (IS_PROJECTION_RETURNS_TUPLE) {
                       std::apply(invocable, std::move(result));
                   } else {
                       std::invoke(invocable, std::move(result));
                   }
               };
           }));
   }
 
   operator bool() const { return bool(base); }
 
   bool isAtSignalEmissionState() const noexcept {
       return base.isAtSignalEmissionState();
   }
 
private:
   template <not_overloaded_lambda Lambda>
   auto makeRawInvocable(Lambda&& lambda) const {
       return tuple_visitor<emits_args_t>::for_each_all([&]<typename... ProjectionResult>() {
           return [lambda = std::forward<Lambda>(lambda)](const std::decay_t<ProjectionResult>&... args) {
               aui::detail::signal::callIgnoringExcessArgs(lambda, args...);
           };
       });
   }
};
 
}   // namespace aui::detail::signal
 
template <typename... Args>
class ASignal final : public AAbstractSignal {
   static_assert(
       (std::is_object_v<Args> && ...),
       "There's no effect of specifying of non value arguments for the signal. Consider removing const and "
       "reference modifiers.");
 
   /* ASignal <-> AObject implementation stuff */
   friend class AObject;
 
   /* tests */
   friend class PropertyPrecomputedTest_APropertyPrecomputed_Complex_Test;
   friend class SignalSlotTest;
   friend class PropertyTest;
   friend class PropertyPrecomputedTest;
 
   template <typename AnySignal, typename Projection>
   friend struct aui::detail::signal::ProjectedSignal;
 
   template <typename T>
   friend class AWatchable;
 
public:
   using func_t = std::function<void(const Args&...)>;
   using emits_args_t = std::tuple<Args...>;
 
   template <typename Projection>
   auto projected(Projection&& projection) const {
       return aui::detail::signal::ProjectedSignal(const_cast<ASignal&>(*this), std::forward<Projection>(projection));
   }
 
   struct call_wrapper {
       ASignal& signal;
       std::tuple<const Args&...> args;
 
       void invokeSignal(AObject* sender) { signal.invokeSignal(sender, args); }
   };
 
   call_wrapper operator()(const Args&... args) { return { *this, std::make_tuple(std::cref(args)...) }; }
 
   ASignal() = default;
   ASignal(ASignal&&) noexcept = default;
   ASignal(const ASignal&) noexcept {
       // mOutgoingConnections are not borrowed on copy operation.
   }
 
   ASignal& operator=(ASignal&&) noexcept = default;
   ASignal& operator=(const ASignal&) noexcept {
       // mOutgoingConnections are not borrowed on copy operation.
       return *this;
   }
 
   virtual ~ASignal() noexcept = default;

   operator bool() const { return hasOutgoingConnections(); }
 
   void clearAllOutgoingConnections() const noexcept override { mOutgoingConnections.clear(); }
   void clearAllOutgoingConnectionsWith(aui::no_escape<AObjectBase> object) const noexcept override {
       clearOutgoingConnectionsIf([&](const _<ConnectionImpl>& p) { return p->receiverBase == object.ptr(); });
   }
 
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasOutgoingConnections() const noexcept {
       return !mOutgoingConnections.empty();
   }
 
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasOutgoingConnectionsWith(aui::no_escape<AObjectBase> object) const noexcept override {
       return std::any_of(
           mOutgoingConnections.begin(), mOutgoingConnections.end(),
           [&](const SenderConnectionOwner& s) { return s.value->receiverBase == object.ptr(); });
   }
 
   [[nodiscard]]
   bool isAtSignalEmissionState() const noexcept {
       return mLoopGuard.is_locked();
   }
 
private:
   struct ConnectionImpl final : Connection {
       friend class ASignal;
 
       void disconnect() override {
           std::unique_lock lock(AObjectBase::SIGNAL_SLOT_GLOBAL_SYNC);
           unlinkInSenderSideOnly(lock);
           if (!lock.owns_lock()) lock.lock();
           unlinkInReceiverSideOnly(lock);
 
           receiverBase = nullptr;
           receiver = nullptr;
           sender = nullptr;
       }
 
   private:
       ASignal* sender = nullptr;

       AObjectBase* receiverBase = nullptr;

       AObject* receiver = nullptr;

       func_t func;

       bool toBeRemoved = false;

       void unlinkInReceiverSideOnly(std::unique_lock<ASpinlockMutex>& lock) {
           toBeRemoved = true;
 
           auto receiverLocal = std::exchange(receiverBase, nullptr);
           if (!receiverLocal) {
               return;
           }
           receiver = nullptr;
           removeIngoingConnectionIn(receiverLocal, *this, lock);
       }
 
       void unlinkInSenderSideOnly(std::unique_lock<ASpinlockMutex>& lock) {
           toBeRemoved = true;
           auto localSender = std::exchange(sender, nullptr);
           if (!localSender) {
               return;
           }
 
           // As we marked toBeRemoved, we are not required to do anything further. However, we can perform a cheap
           // operation to clean the connection right now. If we fail at some point we can leave it as is.
           // invokeSignal will clean the connection for us at some point.
           auto it = std::find_if(
               localSender->mOutgoingConnections.begin(), localSender->mOutgoingConnections.end(),
               [&](const SenderConnectionOwner& o) { return o.value.get() == this; });
           if (it == localSender->mOutgoingConnections.end()) {
               // It can happen probably when another thread is performing invocation on this signal and stole the
               // mOutgoingConnections array.
               return;
           }
           // it->value may be unique owner of this, let's steal the ownership before erasure to keep things safe.
           auto self = std::exchange(it->value, nullptr);
           localSender->mOutgoingConnections.erase(it);
           lock.unlock();
       }
 
       void onBeforeReceiverSideDestroyed() override {
           std::unique_lock lock(AObjectBase::SIGNAL_SLOT_GLOBAL_SYNC);
           // this function can be called by receiver's AObject cleanup functions (presumably, destructor), so we
           // assume receiver (and thus receiverBase) are invalid.
           receiver = nullptr;
           receiverBase = nullptr;
           unlinkInSenderSideOnly(lock);
       }
   };

   struct SenderConnectionOwner {
       _<ConnectionImpl> value = nullptr;
 
       SenderConnectionOwner() = default;
       explicit SenderConnectionOwner(_<ConnectionImpl> connection) noexcept : value(std::move(connection)) {}
       SenderConnectionOwner(const SenderConnectionOwner&) = default;
       SenderConnectionOwner(SenderConnectionOwner&&) noexcept = default;
       SenderConnectionOwner& operator=(const SenderConnectionOwner& rhs) {
           if (this == &rhs) {
               return *this;
           }
           release();
           value = rhs;
           return *this;
       }
       SenderConnectionOwner& operator=(SenderConnectionOwner&& rhs) noexcept {
           if (this == &rhs) {
               return *this;
           }
           release();
           value = std::move(rhs.value);
           return *this;
       }
 
       ~SenderConnectionOwner() {
           release();
       }
 
   private:
       void release() noexcept {
           if (!value) {
               return;
           }
           std::unique_lock lock(AObjectBase::SIGNAL_SLOT_GLOBAL_SYNC);
           // this destructor can be called in ASignal destructor, so it's worth to reset the sender as well.
           value->sender = nullptr;
           value->unlinkInReceiverSideOnly(lock);
           value = nullptr;
       }
   };
 
   mutable AVector<SenderConnectionOwner> mOutgoingConnections;
   ASpinlockMutex mLoopGuard;
 
   void invokeSignal(AObject* sender, std::tuple<const Args&...> args = {});
 
   template <aui::convertible_to<AObjectBase*> Object, aui::not_overloaded_lambda Lambda>
   const _<ConnectionImpl>& connect(Object objectBase, Lambda&& lambda) {
       AObject* object = nullptr;
       if constexpr (std::is_base_of_v<AObject, std::remove_pointer_t<Object>>) {
           object = objectBase;
       }
       const auto& connection = [&]() -> _<ConnectionImpl>& {
           auto conn = _new<ConnectionImpl>();
           conn->sender = this;
           conn->receiverBase = objectBase;
           conn->receiver = object;
           conn->func = makeRawInvocable(std::forward<Lambda>(lambda));
           std::unique_lock lock(AObjectBase::SIGNAL_SLOT_GLOBAL_SYNC);
 
           std::erase_if(mOutgoingConnections, [](const SenderConnectionOwner& o) {
               return o.value == nullptr;
           });
 
           return mOutgoingConnections.emplace_back(std::move(conn)).value;
       }();
       if (objectBase != AObject::GENERIC_OBSERVER) {
           addIngoingConnectionIn(objectBase, connection);
       }
       return connection;
   }
 
   _<Connection> addGenericObserver(AObjectBase* receiver, std::function<void()> observer) override {
       return connect(receiver, [observer = std::move(observer)] { observer(); });
   }
 
   template <aui::not_overloaded_lambda Lambda>
   auto makeRawInvocable(Lambda&& lambda) const {
       return [lambda = std::forward<Lambda>(lambda)](const Args&... args) mutable {
           aui::detail::signal::callIgnoringExcessArgs(lambda, args...);
       };
   }
 
private:
   template <typename Predicate>
   void clearOutgoingConnectionsIf(Predicate&& predicate) const noexcept {
       /*
        * Removal of connections before end of execution of clearOutgoingConnectionsIf may cause this ASignal
        * destruction, causing undefined behaviour. Destructing these connections after mSlotsLock unlocking solves the
        * problem.
        */
       AVector<SenderConnectionOwner> slotsToRemove;
 
       slotsToRemove.reserve(mOutgoingConnections.size());
       mOutgoingConnections.removeIf([&slotsToRemove, predicate = std::move(predicate)](SenderConnectionOwner& p) {
           if (predicate(p.value)) {
               slotsToRemove << std::move(p);
               return true;
           }
           return false;
       });
 
       slotsToRemove.clear();
   }
};
#include <AUI/Thread/AThread.h>
 
template <typename... Args>
void ASignal<Args...>::invokeSignal(AObject* sender, std::tuple<const Args&...> args) {
   if (mOutgoingConnections.empty())
       return;
 
   _<AObject> senderPtr, receiverPtr;
 
   if (sender != nullptr) {
       if (auto sharedPtr = weakPtrFromObject(sender).lock()) {   // avoid sender removal during signal processing
           senderPtr = std::move(static_cast<_<AObject>>(sharedPtr));
       }
   }
 
   std::unique_lock lock(AObjectBase::SIGNAL_SLOT_GLOBAL_SYNC);
   std::unique_lock lock2(mLoopGuard, std::try_to_lock);
   if (!lock2.owns_lock()) {
       throw AEvaluationLoopException();
   }
   auto outgoingConnections = std::move(mOutgoingConnections);   // needed to safely iterate through the slots
   ARaiiHelper returnBack = [&] {
       if (!lock.owns_lock()) lock.lock();
       AUI_MARK_AS_USED(senderPtr);
       AUI_MARK_AS_USED(receiverPtr);
 
       if (mOutgoingConnections.empty()) {
           mOutgoingConnections = std::move(outgoingConnections);
       } else {
           // mSlots might have been modified by a single threaded signal call. In this case merge two vectors
           mOutgoingConnections.insert(
               mOutgoingConnections.begin(), std::make_move_iterator(outgoingConnections.begin()),
               std::make_move_iterator(outgoingConnections.end()));
       }
   };
   for (auto i = outgoingConnections.begin(); i != outgoingConnections.end();) {
       _<ConnectionImpl>& outgoingConnection = i->value;
       if (!lock.owns_lock()) lock.lock();
       if (outgoingConnection->toBeRemoved) {
           lock.unlock();
           i = outgoingConnections.erase(i);
           continue;
       }
       _weak<AObject> receiverWeakPtr;
       if (outgoingConnection->receiver != nullptr) {
           receiverWeakPtr = weakPtrFromObject(outgoingConnection->receiver);
           if (outgoingConnection->receiver->isSlotsCallsOnlyOnMyThread() &&
               outgoingConnection->receiver->getThread() != AThread::current()) {
               // perform crossthread call; should make weak ptr to the object and queue call to thread message queue
 
               /*
                * shared_ptr counting mechanism is used when doing a crossthread call.
                * It could not track the object existence without shared_ptr block.
                * Also, receiverWeakPtr.lock() may be null here because object is in different thread and being
                * destructed by shared_ptr but have not reached clearAllIngoingConnections() yet.
                */
               if (receiverWeakPtr.lock() != nullptr) {
                   outgoingConnection->receiver->getThread()->enqueue(
                       [senderWeakPtr = senderPtr.weak(),
                        receiverWeakPtr = std::move(receiverWeakPtr),
                        connection = outgoingConnection,
                        args = aui::detail::signal::makeTupleOfCopies(args)] {
                           static_assert(
                               std::is_same_v<std::tuple<std::decay_t<Args>...>, std::remove_const_t<decltype(args)>>,
                               "when performing a cross thread call, args is expected to hold values "
                               "instead of references");
                           auto receiverPtr = receiverWeakPtr.lock();
                           if (!receiverPtr) {
                               // receiver was destroyed while we were transferring the call to another thread.
                               return;
                           }
 
                           AObject::isDisconnected() = false;
                           ARaiiHelper h = [&] {
                               if (AObject::isDisconnected()) {
                                   connection->disconnect();
                               }
                           };
                           try {
                               (std::apply)(connection->func, args);
                           } catch (...) {
                               if (auto senderPtr = senderWeakPtr.lock()) {
                                   senderPtr->handleSlotException(std::current_exception());
                               }
                           }
                       });
               }
               ++i;
               continue;
           }
       }
       AObject::isDisconnected() = false;
 
       if (auto sharedPtr = receiverWeakPtr.lock()) {   // avoid receiver removal during signal processing
           receiverPtr = std::move(sharedPtr);
       }
 
       if constexpr (std::tuple_size_v<decltype(args)> > 0) {
           using FirstType = decltype(std::get<0>(args));
           static_assert(
               std::is_reference_v<FirstType>,
               "when performing a non-threading call, args is expected to hold const references"
               "instead of values");
       }
       lock.unlock();
       try {
           (std::apply)(outgoingConnection->func, args);
       } catch (...) {
           if (senderPtr) {
               senderPtr->handleSlotException(std::current_exception());
           }
       }
       if (AObject::isDisconnected()) {
           i = outgoingConnections.erase(i);
           continue;
       }
       ++i;
   }
}

template <typename... Args>
using emits = ASignal<Args...>;
 
#define signals public
 
 
/*
 
// UNCOMMENT THIS to test ProjectedSignal
 
static_assert(requires (aui::detail::signal::ProjectedSignal<emits<int>, decltype([](int) { return double(0);})> t) {
   requires !decltype(t)::IS_PROJECTION_RETURNS_TUPLE;
   { decltype(t)::base } -> aui::same_as<ASignal<int>&>;
   { decltype(t)::projection } -> aui::not_overloaded_lambda;
   { decltype(t)::projection_returns_t{} } -> aui::same_as<double>;
   { decltype(t)::emits_args_t{} } -> aui::same_as<std::tuple<double>>;
   { decltype(t)::projection_info_t::args{} } -> aui::same_as<std::tuple<int>>;
   { decltype(t)::projection_info_t::return_t{} } -> aui::same_as<double>;
});
 
static_assert(requires (aui::detail::signal::ProjectedSignal<emits<AString>, decltype(&AString::length)> t) {
   requires !decltype(t)::IS_PROJECTION_RETURNS_TUPLE;
   { decltype(t)::base } -> aui::same_as<ASignal<AString>&>;
   { decltype(t)::emits_args_t{} } -> aui::same_as<std::tuple<size_t>>;
   { decltype(t)::projection_returns_t{} } -> aui::same_as<size_t>;
});
*/

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